Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park Mungo Parka Scottish surgeon, and explorerwas sent out by the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure. Born: 1771, Foulshiels, Selkirk, ScotlandDied: 1806, Bussa Rapids, (now under the Kainji Reservoir, Nigeria) An Early Life Mungo Park was born in 1771, near Selkirk in Scotland, the seventh child of a well-to-do farmer. He was apprenticed to a local surgeon and undertook medical studies in Edinburgh. With a medical diploma and a desire for fame and fortune, Park set off for London, and through his brother-in-law, William Dickson, a Covent Garden seedsman, he got his opportunity. An introduction to Sir Joseph Banks, a famed English botanist, and explorer who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook. The Allure of Africa The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, of which Banks was treasurer and unofficial director, had previously funded (for a pittance) the exploration of an Irish soldier, Major Daniel Houghton, based at Goree on the West African coast. Two important questions dominated discussions about the interior of West Africa in the drawing room of the African Association: the exact site of the semi-mythical city of Timbuktu, and the course of the River Niger. Exploring the River Niger In 1795 the Association appointed Mungo Park to explore the course of the River Nigeruntil Houghton had reported that the Niger flowed from West to East, it was believed that the Niger was a tributary of either the river Senegal or Gambia. The Association wanted proof of the rivers course and to know where it finally emerged. Three current theories were: that it emptied into Lake Chad, that it curved round in a large arc to join the Zaire, or that it reached the coast at the Oil Rivers. Mungo Park set off from the River Gambia, with the aid of the Associations West African contact, Dr. Laidley who provided equipment, a guide, and acted as a postal service. Park started his journey dressed in European clothes, with an umbrella and a tall hat (where he kept his notes safe throughout the journey). He was accompanied by an ex-slave called Johnson who had returned from the West Indies, and a slave called Demba, who had been promised his freedom on completion of the journey. Parks Captivity Park knew little Arabiche had with him two books, Richardsons Arabic Grammar and a copy of Houghtons journal. Houghtons journal, which he had read on the voyage to Africa served him well, and he was forewarned to hide his most valuable gear from the local tribesmen. At his first stop with the Bondou, Park was forced to give up his umbrella and his best blue coat. Shortly after, in his first encounter with the local Muslims, Park was taken prisoner. Parks Escape Demba was taken away and sold, Johnson was considered too old to be of value. After four months, and with Johnsons aid, Park finally managed to escape. He had a few belongings other than his hat and compass but refused to give up the expedition, even when Johnson refused to travel further. Relying on the kindness of African villagers, Park continued on his way to the Niger, reaching the river on 20 July 1796. Park traveled as far as Segu (Sà ©gou) before returning to the coast. and then to England. Success Back in Britain Park was an instant success, and the first edition of his book Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa sold out rapidly. His  £1000 royalties allowed him to settle in Selkirk and set up medical practice (marrying Alice Anderson, the daughter of the surgeon to whom he had been apprenticed). Settled life soon bored him, however, and he looked for a new adventurebut only under the right conditions. Banks was offended when Park demanded a large sum to explore Australia for the Royal Society.​ Tragic Return to Africa Eventually in 1805 Banks and Park came to an arrangementPark was to lead an expedition to follow the Niger to its end. His part consisted of 30 soldiers from the Royal Africa Corps garrisoned at Goree (they were offered extra pay and the promise of a discharge on return), plus officers including his brother-in-law Alexander Anderson, who agreed to join the trip) and four boat builders from Portsmouth who would construct a forty-foot boat when they reached the river. In all 40 Europeans traveled with Park. Against logic and advice, Mungo Park set off from the Gambia in the rainy season – within ten days his men were falling to dysentery. After five weeks one man was dead, seven mules lost and the expeditions baggage mostly destroyed by fire. Parks letters back to London made no mention of his problems. By the time the expedition reached Sandsanding on the Niger only eleven of the original 40 Europeans were still alive. The party rested for two months but the deaths continued. By November 19 only five of them remained alive (even Alexander Anderson was dead). Sending the native guide, Isaaco, back to Laidley with his journals, Park was determined to continue. Park, Lieutenant Martyn (who had become an alcoholic on native beer) and three soldiers set off downstream from Segu in a converted canoe, christened the HMS Joliba. Each man had fifteen muskets but little in the way of other supplies. When Isaaco reached Laidley in the Gambia news had already reached the coast of Parks death – coming under fire at the Bussa Rapids, after a journey of over 1 000 miles on the river, Park and his small party were drowned. Isaaco was sent back to discover the truth, but the only remains to be discovered was Mungo Parks munitions belt. The irony was that having avoided contact with local Muslims by keeping to the center of the river, they were in turn mistaken for Muslim raiders and shot at.

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using CoSchedule

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using Planning a trade show booth is one of THE hardest things to do as a marketer. There are always a million very specific rules + guidelines to follow†¦ (that vary from trade show to trade show)†¦Ã°Å¸â„¢â€ž A thousand random deadlines to keep track of†¦. (uh, the booth design was due when again?) AND a million things to coordinate†¦ (ranging from giveaways + landing pages to the ever-stressful shipping logistics). The problem? With all these moving pieces plus  coordinating everything between sales, finance, operations, and your own marketing team. Some of those important details are bound to get missed. *insert panic attack here* Luckily, with †¦ You can easily create a solid strategy to plan, execute, and track your entire trade show from start to finish! And as the one responsible for making sure the trade show goes off without a hitch†¦ You can rest easy knowing every task will get completed†¦ Zero details will get missed†¦ AND you’ll never miss a deadline. Because with , you’ve got everything under control. Let’s dive into how you can do it in 4 easy steps. 😎 How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using @Step 1: Create A Marketing Campaign In After you get a clear idea of everything you need to get done to execute your trade show†¦ It’s time to create a marketing campaign  in ! AKA a folder inside that can house every single piece of content, project, event, social campaign, task, and deadline related to your trade show booth. Here’s how to make your marketing campaign in : Head to your calendar Use the +  sign to add content to your calendar and select â€Å"Marketing Campaign† Give your marketing campaign a name (ex. INBOUND) Select a color label (to make it easy to find on your calendar!) Give it a start date (the day you start working on items for the trade show) and an end date (this could be the start date of the trade show, the day your last post promo email goes out, or whenever the last item related to the trade show is due!) Onto the next step! Whats the secret to planning perfect trade show booths with @? It starts with MarketingStep 2: Add EVERYTHING You Need For The Trade Show To Your Marketing Campaign Once you’ve added your marketing campaign to the calendar†¦ You can start adding everything (and yes, I mean EVERYTHING) you need to get done to perfectly execute your trade show. Here are a few ideas to get the wheels turning: Trade show booth design Swag + prizes Geo-targeting Facebook Ads Itineraries for sales team Book hotels, flights, etc. Booth handouts/flyers Social campaigns (pre-trade show and post-trade show) Landing pages Blog post Booth video or presentation Post-trade show email campaign And once you’ve generated a list of everything you need to include†¦ Start adding them to your marketing campaign! Here’s how to do it: Inside your marketing campaign, hit the +  sign in the upper right-hand corner. Select the type of project/type of content you want to add you want to add (article, project checklist, social campaign, etc.) Give it a title (ex. â€Å"Trade show booth design†) Give it a color label (usually the same label as the overall marketing campaign, but that’s up to you!) Choose the owner of the project (aka the person responsible for making sure the project is completed). Select the date that specific item is due. Repeat until you’ve added everything you need for your trade show! And if other projects come up later, you can easily add those to your trade show plan as they come! Just make sure everything gets added to your trade show marketing campaign so all those moving pieces get in ONE place.

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 33

Journal - Essay Example Having a Mercedes in these times means that a person has accomplished so much in his lifetime and is content with what has been gained by them. Many of the researches and surveys have shown that the new generation is primarily focusing on the image, fame and money associated with them (Schensul et al, 389). Yet recent survey of thriving families by a professor in University of Chicago show that their adult members picked their most cherished memories as the things that made their time together with other people memorable. Even the people who are more materialistic and try to find happiness by buying things have the lowest of life satisfaction scores and materialism has a negative effect on happiness of a person according to the subjective well-being researches. Schensul, Jean J., Cristina Huebner, Merrill Singer, Marvin Snow, Pablo Feliciano, and Lorie Broomhall. "The high, the money, and the fame: the emergent social context of â€Å"new marijuana† use among urban youth."  Medical Anthropology  18, no. 4 (2000):